Команды
Текст ответов на команды был оставлен без перевода, т.к оригинальный текст иногда достаточно информативен, но возможно перевод будет сделан позже.
Эти команды основаны на GNU GRUB и не всегда подходят к Grub4dos. Следующий пример покажет ответ на команду help default:
grub> help default
default: default [NUM ¦ 'saved' ¦ FILE]
set the default entry to entry number NUM (if not specified, it is 0,
the first entry), or to the entry number saved by savedefault if the
key word 'saved' is specified, or to the entry number previously saved
in the specified file FILE. When FILE is specified, all subsequent
'savedefault' commands will save default entry numbers into FILE.
Команда default [NUM] может работать в конфигурационном файле, а default saved нет. Когда мы пишем default [FILE], то получим действия только с файлом default входящим в пакет поставки загрузчика - Например: default /default.
Следующие (61) команда используются в Grub4dos - версии 0.4.3 (build 2008-03-14)
background
grub> help background
background: background RRGGBB
Sets the background color when in graphics mode. RR is red, GG is green,
and BB blue. Numbers must be in hexadecimal.
blocklist
grub> help blocklist
blocklist: blocklist FILE
Print the blocklist notation of the file FILE.
boot
grub> help boot
boot: boot
Boot the OS/chain-loader which has been loaded.
cat
grub> help cat
cat: cat [--hex] [--skip=S] [--length=L] [--locate=STRING] FILE
Print the contents of the file FILE, or print the locations of the
string STRING in file.
cdrom
grub> help cdrom
cdrom: cdrom --add-io-ports=P ¦ --init ¦ --stop
Initialise/stop atapi cdroms or set additional I/O ports for a possible
atapi cdrom device. The high word of P specifies the base register of
the control block registers, and the low word of P specifies the base
register of the command block registers.
chainloader
grub> help chainloader
chainloader: chainloader [--force] [--load-segment=LS] [--load offset=LO]
[--load-length=LL] [--skip-length=SL] [--boot-cs=CS] [--boot-ip=IP]
[--ebx=EBX] [--edx=EDX] [--sdi] [--disable-a20] FILE
Load the chain-loader FILE. If --force is specified, then load it
forcibly, whether the boot loader signature is present or not. LS:LO
specifies the load address other than 0000:7C00. LL specifies the
length of the boot image(between 512 and 640k). CS:IP specifies the
address where the boot image will gain control. EBX/EDX specifies the
EBX/EDX register value when the boot image gets control. Use --sdi if
FILE is a System Deployment Image, which is of the Windows XP RAM boot
file format. Use --disable-a20 if you wish to turn off A20 when
transferring control to the boot image. SL specifies length in bytes at
the beginning of the image to be skipped when loading.
clear
grub> help clear
clear: clear
Clear the screen
cmp
grub> help cmp
cmp: cmp FILE1 FILE2
Compare the file FILE1 with the file FILE2 and inform the different values
if any.
color
grub> help color
color: color NORMAL [HIGHLIGHT]
Change the menu colors. The color NORMAL is used for most lines in the
menu, and the color HIGHLIGHT is used to highlight the line where the
cursor points. If you omit HIGHLIGHT, then the inverted color of NORMAL
is used for the highlighted line. The format of a color is "FG/BG". FG
and BG are symbolic color names. A symbolic color name must be one of
these: black, blue, green, cyan, red, magenta, brown, light-grey,
dark-grey, light-blue, light-green, light-cyan, light-red,
light-magenta, yellow and white. But only the first eight names can be
used for BG. You can prefix "blink-" to FG if you want a blinking
foreground color.
commandline
grub> help commandline
commandline: commandline
Enter the command-line prompt mode.
configfile
grub> help configfile
configfile: configfile FILE
Load FILE as the configuration file.
debug
grub> help debug
debug: debug [on ¦ off ¦ normal ¦ status ¦ INTERGER]
Turn on/off or display/set the debug level.
default
grub> help default
default: default [NUM ¦ 'saved' ¦ FILE]
set the default entry to entry number NUM (if not specified, it is 0,
the first entry), or to the entry number saved by savedefault if the
key word 'saved' is specified, or to the entry number previously saved
in the specified file FILE. When FILE is specified, all subsequent
'savedefault' commands will save default entry numbers into FILE.
displaymem
grub> help displaymem
displaymem: displaymem
Display what GRUB thinks the system address space map of the machine
is, including all regions of physical RAM installed.
embed
grub> help embed
embed: embed STAGE1_5 DEVICE
Embed the Stage 1.5 STAGE1_5 in the sectors after MBR if DEVICE is a
drive, or in the "bootloader" area if DEVICE is a FFS partition. Print
the number of sectors which STAGE1_5 occupies if successful.
errnum
grub> help errnum
errnum: errnum
Return the error number.
errorcheck
grub> help errorcheck
errorcheck: errorcheck [on ¦ off ¦ status]
Turn on/off or display the error check mode, or toggle it if no
argument.
fallback
grub> help fallback
fallback: fallback NUM...
Go into unattended boot mode: if the default boot entry has any errors,
instead of waiting for the user to do anything, it immediately starts
over using the NUM entry (same numbering as the 'default' command).
This obviously won't help if the machine was rebooted by a kernel that
GRUB loaded.
find
grub> help find
find: find [--set-root] [--ignore-floppies] FILENAME
Search for the filename FILENAME in all partitions and print the
list of the devices which contain the file. If the option --set-root is
used and FILENAME is found on a device, then stop the find immediately
and set the sevice as new root. If the option --ignore-floppies is
present, the search will bypass all floppies.
foreground
grub> help foreground
foreground: foreground RRGGBB
Sets the foreground color when in graphics mode. RR is red, GG is green,
and BB blue. Numbers must be in hexadecimal.
fstest
grub> help fstest
fstest: fstest [on ¦ off ¦ status]
Turn on/off or display the fstest mode, or toggle it if no argument.
geometry
grub> help geometry
geometry: geometry DRIVE [CYLINDER HEAD SECTOR [TOTAL_SECTOR]]
Print the information for a drive DRIVE. In the grub shell, you can set
the geometry of the drive arbitrarily. The number of the cylinders, the
one of the heads, the one of the sectors and the one of the total
sectors are set to CYLINDER, HEAD, SECTOR and TOTAL_SECTOR,
respectively. If you omit TOTAL_SECTOR, then it will be calculated
based on the C/H/S values automatically.
halt
grub> help halt
halt: halt [--no-apm]
Halt your system. If APM is available on it, turn off the power using
the APM BIOS, unless you specify the option '--no-apm'.
help
grub> help help
help: help [--all] [PATTERN...]
Display helpful information about builtin commands. Not all commands
aren't shown without the option '--all'.
hiddenflag
grub> help hiddenflag
hiddenflag: hiddenflag [--set ¦ --clear] [PARTITION]
Hide/unhide PARTITION by setting/clearing the "hidden" bit in its
partition type code, or report the hidden status. The default partition
is the current root device.
hide
grub> help hide
hide: hide [PARTITION]
Hide PARTITION by setting the "hidden" bit in its partition type code.
The default partition is the current root device.
initrd
grub> help initrd
initrd: initrd FILE [ARG...]
Load an initial ramdisk FILE for a Linux format boot image and set the
appropriate parameters in the Linux setup area in memory.
install
grub> help install
install: install [--stage2=STAGE2_FILE] [--force-lba] STAGE1 [d] DEVICE
STAGE2 [ADDR] [p] [CONFIG_FILE] [REAL_CONFIG_FILE]
Install STAGE1 on DEVICE and install a blocklist for loading STAGE2 as
a Stage 2. If the option 'd' is present, the Stage 1 will always look
for the disk where the STAGE2 was installed, rather than using the booting
drive. The Stage 2 will be loaded at address ADDR, which will be
determined automatically if you don't specify it. If the option 'p' or
CONFIG_FILE is present, then the first block of Stage 2 is patched with
new values of the partition and name of the configuration file used by
the true Stage 2 (for a Stage 1.5, this is the name of the true Stage
2) at boot time. If STAGE2 is a Stage 1.5 and REAL_CONFIG_FILE is
present, then the Stage 2 CONFIG_FILE is patched with the configuration
filename REAL_CONFIG_FILE. If the option '--force-lba' is specified,
disable some sanity checks for LBA mode. If the option '--stage2' is
specified, rewrite the Stage 2 via your OS's filesystem instead of the
raw device.
is64bit
grub> help is64bit
is64bit: is64bit
Return true if CPU is 64-bit and false if not.
kernel
grub> help kernel
kernel: kernel [--no-mem-option] [--type=TYPE] FILE [ARG...]
Attempt to load the primary boot image from FILE. The rest of the line
is passed verbatim as the "kernel command line". Any modules must be
reloaded after using this command. The option --type is used to suggest
what type of kernel to be loaded. TYPE must be either of "netbsd",
"freebsd", "openbsd", "linux", "biglinux" and "multiboot". The option
--no-mem-option tells GRUB not to pass a Linux's mem option
automatically.
lock
grub> help lock
lock: lock
Break a command execution unless the user is authenticated.
makeactive
grub> help makeactive
makeactive: makeactive [--status]
Set the active partition on the root disk to GRUB's root device. This
command is limited to _primary_ PC partitions on a hard disk.
map
grub> help map
map: map [--status] [--mem[=RESERV]] [--hook] [--unhook] [--rehook]
[--floppies=M] [harddrives=N] [--memdisk-raw=RAW] [--a20-keep-on=AKO]
[--safe-mbr-hook=SMH] [--int13-scheme=SCH] [--ram-drive=RD]
[--rd-base=ADDR] [--rd-size=SIZE] [[--read-only] [--fake-write]
[--unsafe-boot] [--disable-chs-mode] [--disable-lba-mode] [--heads=H]
[--sectors-per-track=S] TO_DRIVE FROM_DRIVE]
Map the drive FROM_DRIVE to the drive TO_DRIVE. This is necessary when
you chain-load some operating systems, such as DOS, if such an OS
resides at a non-first drive. TO_DRIVE can be a disk file, this
indicates a disk emulation. If TO_DRIVE is a disk file, it must be
contiguous(i.e., no holes in it). If --read-only is given, the emulated
drive will be write-protected. If --fake-write is given, any write
operations to the emulated drive are allowed but the data written will
be discarded. The --unsafe-boot switch enables the write to the Master
and DOS boot sectors of the emulated disk. If --disable-chs-mode is
given, CHS access to the emulated drive will be refused. If
--disable-lba-mode is given, LBA access to the emulated drive will be
refused. H and S specify the geometry of the emulated drive. M/N
specify the floppy/harddrive count in the BIOS data area. If RAW=1, all
memdrives will be accessed without using int15/ah=87h. If RAW=0, then
int15/ah=87h will be used to access memdrives. If one of --status,
--hook, --unhook, --rehook, --floppies, --harddrives, memdisk-raw,
--a20-keep-on, --safe-mbr-hook, --int13-scheme, --ram-drive, --rd-base
or --rd-size is given, then any other command-line arguments will be
ignored. They either report or change the int13 status, or change the
floppy or hard drive count byte in the BIOS data area. The --mem option
indicates a drive in memory. if RESERV is used and <= 0, the minimum
memory occupied by the memdrive is (-RESERV) in 512-byte-sectors. if
RESERV is used and > 0, the memdrive will occupy the mem area starting
at absolute physical address RESERV in 512-byte-sectors and ending at
the end of this mem block(usually the end of physical mem). RD
specifies the ramdisk number, and can be a BIOS drive number. ADDR
specifies the base address of the ramdisk image. SIZE specifies the
size in bytes of the ramdisk image.
md5crypt
grub> help md5crypt
md5crypt: md5crypt
Generate a password in MD5 format.
module
grub> help module
module: module FILE [ARG...]
Load a boot module FILE for a Multiboot format boot image (no
interpretation of the file contents is made, so users of this command
must know what the kernel in question expects). The rest of the line is
passed as the "module command line", like the 'kernel' command.
modulenounzip
grub> help modulenounzip
modulenounzip: modulenounzip FILE [ARG...]
The same as 'module', except that automatic decompression is disabled.
outline
grub> help outline
outline: outline [on ¦ off ¦ status]
Turn on/off or display the outline mode, or toggle it if no argument.
pager
grub> help pager
pager: pager [on ¦ off ¦ status]
Turn on/off or display the pager mode, or toggle it if no argument.
partnew
grub> help partnew
partnew: partnew [--active] PART TYPE START [LEN]
Create a primary partition at the starting address START with
the length LEN, with the type TYPE. START and LEN are in sector units. If
--active is used, the new partition will be active. START can be a
contiguous file that will be used as the content/data of the new
partition, in which case the LEN parameter is ignored, and TYPE can be
either 0x00 for auto or 0x10 for hidden-auto.
parttype
grub> help parttype
parttype: parttype [PART] [TYPE]
Change the type of the partition PART to TYPE. If TYPE is omitted,
return the partition type of the specified device(instead of changing
it). PART default to the current root device.
password
grub> help password
password: password [--md5] PASSWD [FILE]
If used in the first section of a menu file, disable all interactive
editing control (menu entry editor and command line). If the password
PASSWRD is entered, it loads the FILE as a new config file and restarts
the GRUB Stage 2. If you omit the argument FILE, then GRUB just unlocks
privileged instructions. You can also use it in the script section, in
which case it will ask for the password, before continueing. The option
--md5 tells GRUB that PASSWD is encrypted with md5crypt.
pause
grub> help pause
pause: pause [--wait=T] [MESSAGE...]
Print MESSAGE, then wait until a key is pressed or T seconds has passed.
pxe
grub> help pxe
pxe: pxe [cmd] [parameters]
Call PXE command.
quit
grub> help quit
quit: quit [--disable-a20]
Go back to DOS if GRUB was previously launched from DOS.
read
grub> help read
read: read ADDR
Read a 32-bit value from memory at address ADDR and display it in hex
format.
reboot
grub> help reboot
reboot: reboot
Reboot your system.
root
grub> help root
root: root [DEVICE [HDBIAS]]
Set the current "root device" to the device DEVICE, then attempt to
mount it to get the partition size (for passing the partition
descripter in 'ES:ESI', used by some chain-loaded bootloaders), the BSD
drive type (for booting BSD kernels using their native boot format),
and correctly determine the PC partition where a BSD sub-partition is
located. The optional HDBIAS parameter is a number to tell a BSD kernel
how many BIOS drive numbers are on controllers befor the current one.
For example, if there is an IDE disk and a SCSI disk, and your FreeBSD
root partition is on the SCSI disk, then use a '1' for HDBIAS.
rootnoverify
grub> help rootnoverify
rootnoverify: rootnoverify [DEVICE [HDBIAS]]
similar to 'root', but don't atttempt to mount the partition. This is
useful for when an OS is outside the area of the disk that GRUB can
read, but setting the correct root device is still desired. Note that
the itesm mentioned in 'root' which derived from attempting the mount
will NOT work correctly.
savedefault
grub> help savedefault
savedefault: savedefault[--wait=T] [NUM ¦ 'fallback']
Save the current entry as the default boot entry if no argument is
specified. If a number is specified, this number is saved. If
'fallback' is used, next fallback entry is saved. If T is not 0, prompt
the user to confirm the write operation by pressing the Y key, and if
no key-press detected within T seconds, the write will be discarded.
serial
grub> help serial
serial: serial [--unit=UNIT] [--port=PORT] [--speed=SPEED] [--word=WORD]
[parity=PARITY] [--stop=STOP] [--device=DEV]
Initialise a serial device. UNIT is a degit that specifies which serial
device is used (e.g. 0 == COM1). If you need to specify the port
number, set it by --port. SPEED is the DTE-DTE speed. WORD is the word
length, PARITY is the type of parity, which is one of 'no', 'odd' and
'even'. STOP is the length of stop bit(s). The option --device can be
used only in the GRUB shell, which specifies the file name of a tty
device. The default values are COM1, 9600, 8N1.
setkey
grub> help setkey
setkey: setkey [TO_KEY FROM_KEY]
Change the keyboard map. The key FROM_KEY is mapped to the key TO_KEY.
A key must be an alphabet, a digit, or one of these: escape, exclaim,
at, numbersign, dollar, percent, caret, ampersand, asterisk, parenleft,
parenright, minus, underscore, equal, plus, backspace, tab,
bracketleft, braceleft, bracketright, braceright, enter, control,
semicolon, colon, quote, doublequote, backquote, tilde, shift,
backslash, bar, comma, less, period, greater, slash, question, alt,
spcae, capslock, FX (X is a digit), and delete. If no argument is
specified, reset key mappings.
setup
grub> help setup
setup: setup [--prefix=DIR] [--stage2=STAGE2_FILE] [--force-lba]
INSTALL_DEVICE [IMAGE_DEVICE]
Set up the installation of GRUB automatically. This command used the
more flexible command "install" in the backend and installs GRUB into
the device INSTALL_DEVICE. If IMAGE_DEVICE is specified, then find the
GRUB images in the device IMAGE_DEVICE, otherwise use the current "root
device", which can be set by the command "root". If you know that your
BIOS should support LBA but GRUB doesn't work in LBA mode, specify the
option '--force-lba'. If you install GRUB under the grub shell and you
cannot unmount the partition where GRUB images reside, specify the
option '--stage2' to tell GRUB the file name under your OS.
setvbe
grub> help setvbe
setvbe: setvbe MODE_3D
Set the VBE mode MODE_3D(which is of the form 1024x768x32) for each
subsequent kernel command-line.
splashimage
grub> help splashimage
splashimage: splashimage FILE
Load FILE as the background image when in graphics mode.
terminal
grub> help terminal
terminal: terminal [--dumb] [--no-echo] [--no-edit] [--timeout=SECS]
[--lines=LINES] [--silent] [console] [serial] [hercules] [graphics]
Select a terminal. When multiple terminals are specified, wait until
you push any key to continue. If both console and serial are specified,
the terminal to which you input a key first will be selected. If no
argument is specified, print current setting. The option --dumb
specifies that your terminal is dumb, otherwise, vt100-compatibility is
assumed. If you specify --no-echo, input characters won't be echoed. If
you specify --no-edit, the BASH-like deiting feature will be disabled.
If --timeout is present, this command will wait at most for SECS
seconds. The option --lines specifies the maximum number of lines. The
option --silent is used to surpress messages.
terminfo
grub> help terminfo
terminfo: terminfo [--name=NAME --cursor-address=SEQ [--clear-screen=SEQ]
[--enter-standout-mode=SEQ] [--exit-standout-mode=SEQ]
Define the capabilities of your terminal. Use this command to define
escape sequences, if it is not vt100-compatible. You may use \e for ESC
and ^X for a control character. If no option is specified, the current
settings are printed.
testload
grub> help testload
testload: testload FILE
Read the entire contents of FILE in several different ways and campares
them, to thest the filesystem code. The output is somewhat cryptic, but
if no errors are reported and the final 'i=X, filepos=Y' reading had X
and Y equal, then it is definitely consistent, and very likely works
correctly subject to a consistent offset error. If this test succeeds,
then a good next step is to try loading a kernel.
testvbe
grub> help testvbe
testvbe: testvbe MODE
Test the VBE mode MODE. Hit any key to return.
unhide
grub> help unhide
unhide: unhide [PARTITION]
Unhide PARTITION by setting the "hidden" bit in its partition type
code. The default partition is the current root device.
vbeprobe
grub> help vbeprobe
vbeprobe: vbeprobe [MODE]
Probe VBE information. If the mode number MODE is specified, show only
the information about only the mode.
write
grub> help write
write: write ADDR VAL
Write a 32-bit value VAL to memory at address ADDR.
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